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Lab Dept:
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Microbiology/Virology
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Test Name:
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ROTAVIRUS DETECTION
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General Information
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Lab Order Codes:
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ROTA
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Synonyms:
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Rotazyme; Rotavirus Antigen Detection
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CPT Codes:
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87425 - Infectious agent antigen detection by enzyme immunoassay technique. Qualitative or semiquantitative multiple step method; rotavirus
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Test Includes:
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Direct detection of rotavirus in stool specimens.
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Logistics
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Lab Testing Sections:
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Virology
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Phone Numbers:
Minneapolis:
Saint Paul:
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612-813-5806
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651-220-6555
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Test Availability:
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Daily, 24 hours
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Turnaround Time:
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Specimens must arrive by 2 pm for same day results. All specimens received after that time will be held until the next day for completion.
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Special Instructions:
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● Requisition must state specific date/time of collection.
● Maximum amount of virus is found in the stool 3 - 5 days after disease onset.
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Specimen
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Specimen Type:
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Fresh random stool
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Container:
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Plastic leakproof container
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Volume:
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Liquid stool: 2.0 mL
Formed stool: 3.0 – 4.0 gm
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Collection:
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Collect stool in a clean, dry bedpan or on a newspaper over the toilet. Transfer specimen to a plastic, leakproof container. Do Not overfill or contaminate the outside of the container.
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Transport/Storage:
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Transport to the Microbiology Laboratory immediately at room temperature. If a delay is anticipated, refrigerate specimen up to 24 hours at 4°C. If specimens cannot be processed within 24 hours, then the specimen should be frozen upon receipt. Do Not send through the pneumatic tube.
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Patient Preparation:
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Barium procedures and laxatives should be avoided for 1 week prior to collection of the specimen.
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Sample Rejection:
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No diapers accepted. Improperly labeled specimen; specimen contaminated with urine and/or water; leaking container; insufficient volume. If an unacceptable specimen is received, the physician or nursing station will be notified and another specimen will be requested before the specimen is discarded.
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Interpretive
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Reference Range:
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No rotavirus antigen detected
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Limitations:
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● Negative result does not necessarily rule out the presence of rotavirus. Rotavirus detection is proportional to the amount of antigen present in the stool. After a negative result, when a high index of suspicion exists, the test should be repeated with a new specimen.
● False positive results have been reported with the EIA methods.
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Methodology:
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Membrane Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)
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Additional Information:
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Rotavirus infection is acquired by the fecal to oral route. Generally the incubation period is 1 - 2 days and onset is abrupt. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, fever and abdominal pain. Loss of fluids is the most severe result of rotavirus infection and can lead to severe dehydration. Nosocomial transmission is frequent. Rotavirus is most likely to occur in winter, is highly contagious and involves 5 - 8 days of diarrhea. Age of peak incidence is 6 months to 2 years.
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References:
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Cook, JH, and M Pezzlo (1992). Specimen receipt and accessioning. Section 1. Aerobic bacteriology, 1.2.1-4. In HD Isenberg (ed) Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook. American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC
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Miller, J Michael (1999) A Guide To Specimen Management in Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC
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Miller, J Michael, and HT Holmes (1999) Specimen Collection, Transport, and Storage In PR Murray et al, (ed), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 7th edition, American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, pg 33-104
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