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Lab Dept:
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Urine/Stool
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Test Name:
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CADMIUM, TIMED URINE
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General Information
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Lab Order Codes:
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UCD
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Synonyms:
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Cadmium, Quantitative Urine
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CPT Codes:
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82300 - Cadmium
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Test Includes:
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Urine cadmium concentration in ug/specimen. Specimens other than 24 hour collections will be reported in units of ug/L, for which there are no reference ranges established.
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Logistics
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Test Indications:
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Detecting exposure to cadmium, a toxic heavy metal.
The toxicology of cadmium resembles the other heavy metals (arsenic, mercury and lead) in that it attacks the kidney; renal dysfunction with proteinuria with slow onset (over a period of years) is typical presentation.
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Lab Testing Sections:
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Urine/Stool - Sendouts
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Referred to:
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Mayo Medical Laboratories (Test# 8678)
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Phone Numbers:
Minneapolis:
Saint Paul:
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612-813-6280
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651-220-6550
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Test Availability:
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Daily, 24 hours
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Turnaround Time:
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1 - 3 days, test set up Monday – Saturday
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Special Instructions:
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Submit an entire 24-hour urine collection. No preservative. Refrigerate specimen during and after collection.
Note: Starting and ending times of collection are required for a timed urine collection and must be documented electronically or on the proper request form.
See Contraindications
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Specimen
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Specimen Type:
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Urine, timed
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Container:
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Plastic leakproof container (No preservative). Urine GUARD® collection container is preferred for a timed urine sample. A plastic urine container(s) with no metal caps or glued inserts.
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Draw Volume:
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Submit an entire 24-hour urine collection
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Processed Volume:
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10 mL (Minimum: 1.0 mL) urine from well-mixed specimen
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Collection:
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For timed urine collections, empty the bladder, discard the voided sample, and note the start time. Collect all urine voided for the specified time period. At the end of the period, note the finishing time, add the last voided sample to the container by emptying the bladder. Bring the refrigerated container to the lab. Make sure all specimens submitted to the laboratory are properly labeled with the patient’s name, medical record number and date of birth.
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Special Processing:
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Lab Staff: Remove 10 mL aliquot (Minimum: 1.0 mL) urine from a well mixed 24 hour specimen. Measure total volume. Send specimen refrigerated in a plastic, 13 mL urine tube or a clean, plastic aliquot container with no metal cap or glued insert.
24 hour volume is required on request form for processing.
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Patient Preparation:
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None
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Sample Rejection:
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Mislabeled or unlabeled specimens
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Interpretive
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Reference Range:
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<3.0 ug/24 hours
Chronic exposure to cadmium causes renal failure; this process takes years to develop.
Monitoring urinary output of cadmium is an excellent means of assessing exposure.
Daily output of >3.0 ug/24 hours indicates excessive exposure.
Daily output of >15 ug/24 hours indicates severe exposure that should be reduced immediately.
Note: The reference value is for a 24-hour collection. Specimens collected for other than a 24-hour time period are reported in unit of ug/L, for which reference values are not established.
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Critical Values:
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N/A
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Limitations:
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N/A
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Methodology:
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Inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS)
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Contraindications:
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Collection of urine specimens through a catheter frequently results in elevated values, because rubber contains trace amounts of cadmium that are extracted as urine passes through a catheter.
Gadolinium is known to interfere with most metals tests. If gadolinium-containing contrast media has been administered, a specimen can not be collected for 48 hours.
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References:
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Mayo Medical Laboratories Web Page May 2007
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