Choking (age 1 and older)

Article Translations: (Spanish) (Hmong) (Somali)

How can I prevent choking?

Choking can happen to anyone and often can be prevented. Many foods and foreign bodies have been the cause of choking in children and some adults. It often happens when people try to swallow large, poorly chewed pieces of food, such as meat.

Ways to prevent choking include:

• Cut up food into small pieces.
• Chew food well.
• If something is hard to chew, remove it from your mouth. Do not swallow it.
• Do not allow children to run, play, laugh, or talk with food in their mouth.
• Do not put small objects in your mouth.

What are the signs of choking?

• person clutches his or her neck
• high-pitched noisy breathing
• cough is very quiet
• cannot talk or make sounds
• color changes from red to purple to blue
• cannot breathe

What should I do?

Ask, "Are you choking?" If person nods yes, say you're going to help. Tell another person to call 911. Follow these steps until the object comes out and the person can breathe, cough, or talk, or does not respond.

Back Blows:

1. Stand or kneel behind the person and place your hand on one shoulder to steady the person.
2. Use the heel of your other hand to give up to 5 forceful back blows between the person's shoulder blades. 
3. If the person continues to choke after 5 back blows, move on to abdominal thrusts.

Abdominal thursts (Heimlich maneuver):

1. Stand or kneel behind the person and put your arms under their arms.
2. Put the thumb-side of your fist against the person's abdomen (belly) just above the belly button. Place your other hand over your fist.
   
3. Press into the abdomen with up to 5 quick inward and upward thrusts.
4. If the person remains unresponsive, continue cycles of 5 back blows then 5 abdominal thrusts until the person can cough, breathe, or talk, or the person does not respond.

If the person does not respond

1. Yell, "Help - Call 911!"
2. Do CPR, but each time you open the airway to give breaths, look for an object in the mouth. If you see something, remove it. If nothing is seen, do not put your fingers in the mouth.
3. Continue CPR until the person responds, or trained help takes over.

Important

This information is a review of techniques taught in a class on managing choking. It is not complete in itself. You must practice these techniques on a manikin with an instructor. Do not practice techniques on a person.

Reviewed 3/2026

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